ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) in children
is a common neurodevelopmental disorder. Children with ADHD often exhibit inattention, hyperactivity, restlessness, or impulsivity. These symptoms are caused by reduced activity of certain brain chemicals, directly affecting focus, self-control, planning, and the ability to organize tasks efficiently.
Children showing signs of ADHD should undergo early evaluation, diagnosis, and treatment to achieve the best possible outcomes.
What Causes ADHD?
ADHD is primarily caused by a deficiency in certain neurotransmitters in the prefrontal cortex of the brain, particularly dopamine and norepinephrine. These chemicals play a crucial role in regulating attention, self-control, and both physical and mental functions. The key factors contributing to ADHD include:
- Genetic Factors – Genetics is the most significant biological factor. Studies show that if a parent has ADHD or a history of the disorder, their child has up to a 57% chance of developing ADHD.
- Environmental Factors – Exposure to heavy metals or toxins, such as lead found in pollution or contaminated environments, may contribute to ADHD.
- Maternal Behavior During Pregnancy – Mothers who smoke, consume alcohol, or use drugs during pregnancy increase the risk of ADHD in their unborn child.
Premature Birth and Low Birth Weight – Babies born prematurely or with a lower-than-normal birth weight have a higher chance of developing ADHD. These children may also experience learning disorders as they grow.
What is Adult ADHD?
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a condition caused by reduced activity in the prefrontal cortex of the brain, which is responsible for attention and behavior control. This results in difficulty maintaining focus and staying still for extended periods. ADHD typically begins in childhood and continues into adulthood, though some individuals may not receive a diagnosis until later in life.
Adults with ADHD often exhibit less hyperactivity compared to children, making symptoms less obvious. However, if left untreated, ADHD can significantly impact daily life, work performance, and relationships, potentially leading to conflicts with others.
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Causes of ADHD in Adults
The exact cause of ADHD in adults remains unclear. However, several key factors are believed to contribute to its development, including:
- Genetic Factors – A family history of ADHD or other psychiatric disorders, such as having parents or siblings with the condition.
- Environmental Factors – Certain external influences can increase the risk of ADHD, such as:
- Maternal substance use during pregnancy – Smoking, alcohol consumption, or drug use during pregnancy.
- Premature birth or low birth weight – Being born prematurely or with a lower-than-average birth weight.
- Childhood exposure to lead – Lead contamination in early childhood may affect brain development and contribute to ADHD.